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Cover: Field Marshal 
Wilhelm Keitel signs 
the Instrument of Sur¬ 
render in Berlin on May 
8, 1945. (Ill-SC- 
206292. National 
Archives) 


Milestone Documents in the National Archives 



ERMANY 

SURRENDERS 



19 4 5 


d3S 3 


Introduction by James J. Hastings and Goddard Winterbottom 


National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 





Published for the 

National Archives and Records Administration 
By the National Archives Trust Fund Board 
1989 

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 

Germany surrenders, 1945. 

(Milestone documents in the National Archives) 

Rev. cd. of: World War II surrender documents. Ger¬ 
many surrenders, 1945. 1976. 

Bibliography: p. 

1. World War, 1939-1945-Peace-Sources. 2. World 
War, 1939-1945—Germany—Sources. 3. Germany— 
History—1933-1945—Sources. I. United States. National 
Archives and Records Administration. II. World War II 
surrender documents. Germany surrenders, 1945. 

III. Series. 

D814.1.G47 1989 940.53T4 88-33033 

ISBN 0-911333-17-7 


An Introduction 


W orld War II, the deadliest war 
in history, began in Europe 
with the German invasion of Poland, 
September 1, 1939. For almost 6 years 
it raged across the Western World, tak¬ 
ing the lives of 11 million soldiers and 
an equal number of civilians. Finally, 
by the spring of 1945, the major Allies— 
the United States, the Soviet Union, 
Great Britain, and France—had brought 
to exhaustion the will and fighting 
capacity of the German war machine. 
Slowly but completely, the Nazi-led 
Third Reich collapsed, not in a single 
surrender at one time and place but in 
a series of piecemeal surrenders culmi¬ 
nating on V-E (victory in Europe) Day, 
May 8, 1945. 

The unplanned surrender had posed 
a touchy problem for the Big Three 
chiefs of state: British Prime Minister 
Winston Churchill, U.S. President 
Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Soviet 
Premier Josef Stalin. They agreed 
unanimously not only that surrender 
should be unconditional, but also that 
it should take place simultaneously on 
all fronts. Behind this second resolve 
was the Russian suspicion that Ger¬ 
many would succeed in making a sepa¬ 
rate peace with Great Britain and the 
United States and the western Allies’ 
memory of Nazi-Soviet collaboration 
from August 1939 to June 1941. Even 
with seeming agreement among the 
Allies, the road to unconditional sur¬ 
render proved to be as bumpy as it was 
long. The major sign posts along the 
road were the following: 

July 25, 1943. The first break in the 
Axis alliance comes when Benito 
Mussolini resigns as Italian premier and 
is replaced by Marshal Pietro Badoglio. 

Septembers, 1943. Badoglio sur¬ 
renders Italy on the eve of the Allied 
landing at Salerno, but Nazi troops in¬ 
stall Mussolini as puppet head of German- 
occupied Italy, September 12. 


February 1945. At Yalta, U.S.S.R., the 
Big Three chiefs of government issue a 
joint statement: “It is our intlexible 
purpose to destroy German militarism 
and nazism and to ensure that Ger¬ 
man}' w ill never again be able to dis¬ 
turb the peace of the world.... It is 
not our purpose to destroy the people 
of Germany, but only w hen nazism 
and militarism have been extirpated 
will there be hope for a decent life for 
the Germans and a place for them in 
the comity of nations.” 

April 23, 1945. U.S. troops cross the 
Po River and resistance on the Italian 
front collapses. 

April 25, 1945. U.S. and Soviet 
troops meet at Torgau in die heart of 
Germany. 

April 29, 1945. All German forces on 
the Italian front surrender, to be effec¬ 
tive May 2. 

April 30, 1945. The suicide of 
Adolph Hitler gives German leadership 
to Grand Adm. Karl Doenitz. 

May 4, 1945. On Lueneberg Heath, 
Gennan troops in Belgium, the Nether¬ 
lands, and northern Germany surrender. 

May 7, 1945. In Reims, the uncondi¬ 
tional surrender of all German military 
forces is signed, to become effective at 
11:01 p.m. the following day. 

May 8, 1945. V-E Day. At Soviet 
insistence, formal instruments of 
unconditional surrender are signed in 
Berlin. 

May 23, 1945. The principal mem¬ 
bers of the German government are 
arrested for alleged w'ar crimes. 

June 5, 1945. The Declaration on 
Germany is issued. By this instrument, 
the four Allied nations (now including 
France) assume complete political con¬ 
trol of Germany. 


1 




The Surrender 
in the Southwest 



Americans view bomb 
damage to the Reichstag 
buildings in Berlin. 
(239-RC-16-17, National 
Archives) 


T he Allied drive across the Po 

River in northern Italy led to the 
first installment of Germany’s piecemeal 
surrender. There were many delays and 
false starts. The German negotiators 
had to hide their efforts from Hitler— 
and often from each other. Finally, rep¬ 
resentatives for both sides reached an 
agreement on terms and convened at 
Caserta, Italy, to sign the surrender 
document. 

At the simple ceremony on April 29, 
1945, a member of Col. Gen. Heinrich 
von Vietinghoff-Scheel’s staff yielded 
up all the armed serv ices in the Ger¬ 
man Southwest Command. A second 
German signature was that of SS Gen. 
Karl Wolff, whose organization had 
assumed a major role in the Nazi occu¬ 
pation of northern Italy after the 
Badoglio surrender in 1943. The accep¬ 
tance was signed on behalf of Field 
Marshal Sir Harold Alexander, Supreme 
Allied Commander in the Mediterra¬ 
nean Theater. 

Even though this was to be only a 
local surrender, the Allied commanders 
were enjoined to secure Soviet assent 
lest Stalin feel justified in his earlier 
accusation that Truman and Churchill 
were scheming at a separate peace. Al¬ 
though Stalin finally gave his approval 
and Soviet Maj. Gen. Alexi Kislenko 
attended the signing, the circumstances 
of the surrender in Italy magnified the 
always-present Russian suspicions. This 
was a factor in the later Soviet insis¬ 
tence on a second surrender at Berin, 
superseding the Reims surrender. 


2 





The Surrender in the Northwest 


L ike so many other events in 

military history, the signing of 
the Instrument of Surrender of All Ger¬ 
man Armed Forces in Holland , in North¬ 
west Germany Including All Islands , and 
in Denmark took place on May 4, 

1945, in a tent, on this occasion at the 
headquarters of British Field Marshal 
Sir Bernard Law Montgomery on 
Lueneberg Heath in the German state 
of lower Saxony. While regarded as a 
tactical surrender of forces in the field 
only, the Lueneburg Heath document, 
in article 5, states this surrender to be 
“superseded by any general instrument 
of surrender imposed by or on behalf 
of the Allied Powers,” thus anticipating 
the unconditional surrender of the 
German nation at a later date. 

The signers for Germany were, in 
order of seniority, Gen. Adm. Hans 


Georg von Friedeburg, chief German 
negotiator and commander in chief of 
the German Navy; Lt. Gen. Eberhard 
Kinzel, chief of staff' to Field Marshal 
Ernst Busch, commander in chief of 
the German armies in the Northwest; 
Rear Adm. Gerhard Wagner, director of 
the German Military Cabinet; and staff 
officers Col. Fritz Poleck and Maj. 

Hans Jochcn Friedal. Field Marshal 
Montgomery, commander of the Brit- 
ish-Canadian 21st Army Group, signed 
the document with the authorization 
and as the representative of the Supreme 
Commander, Allied Expeditionary 
Force, General of the Army Dwight D. 
Eisenhower. (Montgomery also made a 
handwritten addition to the first article 
to include naval ships in this surrender.) 


Elderly woman views 
damage as GIs ad¬ 
vance. (208-YE-137, 
National Archives) 


3 















Preparing for a General Surrender 




J V w f£] - 

























O n May 6, Grand Adm. Karl 
Doenitz, who had become 
head of the Third Reich on Hitler’s 
death, authorized Col. Gen. Alfred 
Jodi to conclude a general German sur¬ 
render with General Eisenhower. The 
text of this order reads “I authorize 
Colonel General Jodi, Chief of the 
Operations’ Staff in the High Com¬ 
mand of the Armed Forces, to con¬ 
clude an armistice agreement with the 
headquarters of General Eisenhower.” 

The new' German approach met the 
demands of Supreme Headquarters, 
Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), 
for a total, unconditional surrender of 
all German forces on both the western 
and eastern fronts. Doenitz and other 
German leaders had hoped until the 
last minute to make a separate peace 
with the British and American armies 
while continuing to resist the Soviet 
advance in the East or at least making 
some arrangement whereby German 
troops could avoid surrending to Soviet 
armies. These alternatives, clearly con¬ 
trary to the spint and letter of accords 
reached at summit conferences between 
the Big Three heads of government, 
were rejected out of hand bv General 
Eisenhower, at whose insistence the 
first instruments of unconditional sur¬ 
render were signed the following morn¬ 
ing in Reims. 


U.S. soldier takes 
refuge in a doorway 
during a hunt for Ger¬ 
man snipers in Col¬ 
ogne, March 1945. 
(208-AA-34P-2, 
National Archives) 


A 


















The Surrender of all German Forces 


T he unconditional surrender of 
the German Third Reich was 
signed in the early morning hours of 
Monday, May 7, 1945; the time on 
the documents is noted as 0241 hours, 
or 2:41 a.m. The scene was the war 
room at SHAEF, located in the Profes¬ 
sional and Technical School at Reims, a 
historic city in Northeastern France 
that had been almost completely leveled 
by the Germans during the war. 

Across the conference table, represen¬ 
tatives of the four Allied Powers—France, 
Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and 
the United States—faced the three Ger¬ 
man officers delegated by President 
Doenitz: Col. Gen. Alfred Jodi, who 
alone had been authorized to sign the 
surrender document; Gen. Adm. Hans 
Georg von Friedeburg, a chief negotia¬ 
tor here as on Fuenebeig Heath; and 
Maj. Friedrich Wilhelm Oxenius, an 
aide to Jodi. 

Lt. Gen. Walter Bedell Smith, SHAEF 
chief of staff', led the Allied delegation 
as the representative of General Eisen¬ 
hower, who had refused to meet with 
the Germans until the surrender had 
been accomplished. Other American 
officers present were Maj. Gen. Harold 
R. Bull and Gen. Carl Spaatz. 

British observers were Adm. Sir 
Harold Burrough, Ft. Gen. Sir Fred 
Morgan (SHAEF deputy chief of staff), 
and Air Marshal J. M. Robb. Maj. 

Gen. Ivan Sousloparov, head of the 
Soviet mission to France, represented 
the Soviet High Command; he was ac¬ 
companied by Ft. Ivan Chermiaev and 
Senior Ft. Col. Ivan Zenkovitch as in¬ 
terpreters. Representing the French 
chief of staff (Gen. Alphonse Pierre 
Juin) was Maj. Gen. Francois Sevez. 



The surrender document signed at 
Reims at 0241 hours on May 7, 1945, 
was not the official document that had 
been authorized in July 1944 bv 
Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin. The 
July 1944 instrument had been pro¬ 
duced through the arduous labors of 
the European Advisory Commission 
(EAC), which was set up in 1943 to 
work out the details of the uncondi¬ 
tional German surrender and to pro¬ 
pose specific solutions to the political 
and economic problems that were an¬ 
ticipated in postwar Germany. 


The 45th Division in 
Nuernberg’s Luitpole 
Arena after the capture 
of the city on April 20, 
1945. (208-AA-33TT-7, 
National Archives) 


5 



Churchill, Roosevelt, 
and Stalin meet at the 
Livadia Palace at Yalta 
in February 1945. (FDR 
Library) 


Although the EAC surrender docu¬ 
ment had been sent to General Eisen¬ 
hower, two intervening developments 
deterred SHAEF officials from using it 
at Reims. First, France had been added 
as a signatory, causing the 1944 draft 
to be regarded by SHAEF as preliminary 
only. Second, the Big Three, meeting 
at Yalta in February 1945, had decided 
to add the word “dismemberment” to 
the calls for disarmament and demobi¬ 
lization already included in their 
guidelines for Germany’s future, ex¬ 
pressing thereby a determination to 
prevent further German militarism by 
partitioning the country into separate 
political units. The EAC drew up a 
new surrender document incorporating 
these changes. 

SHAEF officials concluded, however, 
that political and other considerations 
should be settled at a high civilian level 
after the cessation of hostilities. Accord¬ 
ingly, they drew up their own military 
document, one directed only at ending 
the fighting and halting further blood¬ 
shed. Article 4 of the Act of Military 
Surrender, however, like Article 5 of the 
Fueneberg Heath Instrument of Surren¬ 
der, looks ahead to additional accords. 
Inserted at the urgent behest of John 


Winant, U.S. Ambassador to Great Bri¬ 
tain and representative to EAC, it en¬ 
sured that the purely military surrenders 
of May 7 and 8 would be supplemented 
later by a general political surrender 
that contained the EAC provisions. 

The more than 44 hours between the 
signing of the Act of Alilitary Surrender 
and the cease-fire to take place at 2301 
hours, or 11:01 p.m., on May 8 repre¬ 
sented a concession to the Germans by 
SHAEF, one that unintentionally al¬ 
lowed more German troops to be moved 
westward for surrender to American or 
British and Commonwealth forces 
rather than to those of the Soviet 
Union. 

Signers of the surrender document 
were Col. Gen. Alfred Jodi, on behalf 
of the German High Command; Lt. 
Gen. Walter Bedell Smith, representing 
General Eisenhower; Maj. Gen. Ivan 
Sousloparov, fulfilling the Big Three 
agreement that a Soviet representative 
would take part in any ceremony of 
total surrender; and Maj. Gen. Francois 
Sevez, signing as a witness for France. 

Relaying the 
Surrender Orders 


A second document signed at 
Reims contains orders from 
General Smith about procedures for 
disseminating detailed surrender in¬ 
structions to German army and air 
force units on the western front. The 
specific orders were to come from the 
Allied unit commanders to their Ger¬ 
man counterparts. 


6 


The Surrender 
of German Naval Forces 


T he longest by tar of the Reims 
documents contains a series of 
instructions for the surrender of all 
German naval forces, both surface and 
undersea. It was signed by Adm. Sir 
Harold Burrough on behalf of General 
Eisenhower. Both this document and 
the one previously mentioned (relating 
to army and air forces) emphasize the 
concern of SHAEF officials at Reims 
with bringing military activities to a 
halt and leaving the broader and more 
general provisions of surrender to a 
later time. 


Agreement for 
Formal Ratification 


A n agreement to meet at a later 
date—to be specified by General 
Eisenhower in his capacity as Supreme 
Commander, Allied Expeditionary 
Force—for a formal ratification of the 
unconditional surrender was also signed 
by Colonel General Jodi at the Reims 
ceremony. 

Major General Sousloparov had been 
sent to Reims by the Soviet High Com¬ 
mand to take part in the negotiations, 
but he was not empowered to sign any 


agreement. As a consequence, a critical 
phrase in the document is “with pie- 
nan' powers,” powers not delegated to 
Sousloparov. Thus a meeting was 
scheduled the following day in Berlin 
in response to Soviet concern that the 
Reims ceremony had given the impres¬ 
sion of being the separate German sur¬ 
render to the American and British 
forces that Doenitz had sought. 


Third U.S. Army troops 
cross to the east bank 
of the Rhine, March 23, 
1945. (208-AA-37T-6, 
National Archives) 



7 




Authorization to Execute Ratification 


After the capture of 
Munich on April 29, 
1945, two GIs chat with 
liberated British pris¬ 
oners at the entrance 
to the beer hall where 
Hitler and his hench¬ 
men started their 
aborted “putsch” in 
1923. (208-AA-33TT-2, 
National Archives) 


W ith a letter. Grand Adm. Karl 
Doenitz, now also the Ger¬ 
man president, authorized the signing 
of the formal unconditional surrender 
of Germany. Following the specifica¬ 
tions of the final Reims document signed 
by General Jodi, Doenitz appointed 
three men to represent the German na¬ 
tion in the ceremony at Berlin on May 8: 
General Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel; 
General Admiral Hans Georg von 
Friedeburg, a participant at both the 
Lueneberg Heath and Reims 
ceremonies; and Col. Gen. Hans 
Juergen Stumpf. 

The letter reads: “I authorize General 
Field Marshal Keitel as chief of the 
High Command of the Armed Forces 
and simultaneously as Commander in 
Chief of the Army, General Admiral 
von Friedeburg as Commander in Chief 
of the Navy, Colonel General Stumpf 
as representative of the Commander in 
Chief of the Air Force to ratify the un¬ 
conditional capitulation of the German 
fighting forces to the Commander in 
Chief of the Allied Expeditionary Forces 
and the Soviet High Command.” 


The Instrument 
of Surrender 


T o reassure the Soviet Union that 
the western Allies had no inten¬ 
tion of concluding a separate peace 
with Germany, General Eisenhower re¬ 
quested that the Soviet representative 
in his theater, Major General Sousloparov, 
be authorized to participate in the 
Reims negotiations. But after the sign¬ 
ing of the Reims accord, Soviet chief of 
staff' General Alexei Antonov notified 
SHAEF that German troops continued 
to fight against Soviet forces, w r hile 
scarcely resisting in the West. Thus the 
Reims surrender continued to resemble 
a separate truce on the western front, 
thereby belying Allied unity. The Sovi¬ 
et command wanted the Act of Military 
Surrender, with certain additions and 
alterations, to be signed at Berlin. 

To the Soviets, the documents signed 
at Berlin on May 8, 1945, represented 
the official, legal surrender of the Third 
Reich. The U.S., British, and French 
governments regarded it as a symbol of 
Allied unity, east and west, and as 
merely the more formal of the two cer¬ 
emonies ending the war. 

Unlike the Reims documents, which 
were authoritative onlv in their English 
text, the surrender documents signed 
at Berlin on May 8, 1945, were written 
and signed separately in the English, 
Russian, and German languages. 

General Dwight D. Eisenhower had 
originallv planned to attend the ceremony 
at Berlin in his capacity as Supreme 
Commander, Allied Expeditionary 
Force. But because the Soviet plenary 
representative was to be Marshal 
Georgi Zhukov, a group commander 
well below r him in rank, Eisenhower 
selected SHAEF deputy supreme com¬ 
mander, British Air Marshal Sir Arthur 


8 








Tedder. Protocol specified that Tedder 
sign as Eisenhower’s representative and 
Zhukov on behalf of the Red Armv. 
General Jean de Lattre de Tassignv and 
General Carl Spaatz signed as witnesses. 
Signing for Germany were Keitel, Von 
Friedeburg, and Stumpf, as designated 
bv Doenitz. 

The Berlin document had few signifi¬ 


cant changes from the one signed a day 
earlier at Reims. The phrase “Supreme 
High Command of the Red Army” 
was substituted for “Soviet High Com¬ 
mand”; article 2 was altered to require 
that Germany “disarm completely”; 
and the demand that ships and military 
equipment not be damaged was made 
more detailed. 


A Red Army soldier lifts 
a Nazi flag out of the 
debris in Berlin. (242- 
GAV-178a, National 
Archives) 


President 
Truman’s V-E 
Day Proclamation 

A s part of the V-E Dav celebra¬ 
tion, President Harry Truman 
issued a proclamation designating the 
following Sundav, May 13, as a day of 
prayer and thanksgiving. In this procla¬ 
mation the Presidnct notes the “final 
and unconditional surrender” of Ger¬ 
many but warns that victory must still 
be won “in the East” (Japan). Only 
then will the world be “cleansed ot the 
evil.” This victory would come in a 
little over 3 months with the surrender 
of the Japanese government, August 14 
(U.S. time). 



9 




Epilogue 


Surveying bomb dam¬ 
age to Frankfurt, 
Germany. (RG 243, Ilia 
(970)6, National 
Archives) 


A s a means of bringing about an 
orderly transition of power in 
Germany, the Allies allowed the gov¬ 
ernment of Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz 
to remain in power for 16 davs. On 
May 23, 1945, however, the principal 
members of the government were taken 
into custody for trial as war criminals. 

On )une 5, the Allied commander in 
chief issued the Declaration on Ger¬ 
many, which represented the official 
assumption of political control of the 
nation by the four occupying powers— 
the United States, the Soviet Union, 
Great Britain, and France. This instru¬ 
ment was to replace the broader politi¬ 
cal surrender that had been anticipated 
in the Reims and Berlin surrender 
documents. 

Ol the Germans who were involved 
in the surrender ceremonies in Reims 
and Berlin, Doenitz received a 100-year 
prison sentence and Keitel and Jodi 
were hanged after trial at Nurenburg; 
Von Friedeburg committed suicide 
before his trial. 


For Further 


Beading: 


Ambrose, Stephen E. The Supreme 
Commander: The War Tears of General 
Dwight D. Eisenhower. Garden City', 

NY: Doubleday, 1970. 

Donitz, Karl. Memoirs: Ten Tears and 
Twenty Days. Translated bv R. H. 
Stevens. Cleveland, OH: World, 1959. 

Eisenhower, David. Eisenhower at War, 
1943-1945. New' York: Random House, 
1986. 

Eisenhower, Dwight D. Crusade in 
Europe. Garden Citv, NY: Doubledav, 
1948. 

Kecskemeti, Paul. Strategic Surrender: 
The Politics of Victory and Defeat. Stan¬ 
ford, CA: Stanford University Press, 
1958. 

Murphy, Robert D. Diplomat Among 
Warriors. Garden Citv, NY: Doubleday, 
1964. 

Steinert, Marlis G. Twenty-three Days: 
The Final Collapse of Nazi Germany. 
Translated bv Richard Barrv. New York: 
Walker, 1969. 

Zhukov', Georgii K. The Memoirs of 
Marshal Zhukov. Translated bv 
Theodore Shabad. New York: 

Delacorte, 1971. 


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“Secret” instrument of local surrender—Italy 






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Cniof of krmj Croup C. 




W. D. WOWUJi, 

Llouiooont Conorol, 

Chiof of Staff, 
for ttold iarohol Tho 
Honourable Sir Harold 
H.L.C. AUUAXM*, 
Su pr —4 Allied Comter 
of tho Mediterranean 
Theatre of Opemtlooe 


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Cenorai of tho Co noon ^hr- 
iA*cht Ir. Italy. 


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C053987 


Instrument of Surreraier 


of 


All German armed, forces in KOIJUD, in 

-- 

northwest Germany including all islands , 

and in DENMARK. 


1. The German Command agrees to the surrender of all German armed 
forces in HOLLAND, in northwest GERkaNT including the FRISIAN 
ISLANDS and HELIGOLAND and all other islands, in SCHLESWIG- 
HOLSTEIN, and in DENMARK, to the C.-in-C. 21 Army Group, 

t’o vacIuJU aJLi <xA skcLf i“k« 1-* . 

These foroes to lay down their anus'and to surrender unconditionally. 

2. All hostilities on land, on sea, or in the air by Genaan forces 

in the above areas to oease at QSOO hrs. British Double Suuraer Time 
on Saturday 5 May 194-5. 

3. The German command to oarry out at once, and without argument or 
oomment, all further orders that will be issued by the Allied 
Powers on any subject. 

4. Disobedience of orders, or failure to comply with them, will be 
regarded as a breach of these surrender terms and will be dealt 
with by the Allied Powers in accordance with the accepted laws 
and usages of war. 

5. This instrument of surrender is independent of, without prejudice 
to, and will be superseded by any general instrument of surrender 
imposed by or on behalf of the Allied Powers and applicable to Germany 
and the German armed forces as a whole. 

6. This instrument of surrender is written in English and in German. 

The English version is the authentic text. 

7. The decision of the Allied Powers will be final if any doubt or 
dispute arises as to the meaning or interpretation of the surrender 
tenns. 




Instrument of surrender—Holland 








Doenitz’s authorization to Jodi 



Only this text in English is authoritative 
f P ^TLTT^gY atTRRyOSR 

1* We the undersigned, acting by authority 
of the Gerwui High Gomnand, hereby surrender 
unconditionally to the Supreme Commander, Allied 
Expeditionary Force and simultaneously to the 
Soviet High Command all forces on land, sea, and in 
the air who are at this date under German control, 

2, The German Hi^i Command will at once 

issue orders to all German military, naval and 
air authorities and to all forces under German 
control to cease active operations at 2^0 J hour* 
Central European time an % M and to 

remain in the positions occupied at that time. No 
ship, vessel, or aircraft ia to be scuttled, or any 
damage done to their hull, machinery or equipment, 

3, The German High Command will at once 
issue to the appropriate commanders, and ensure 
the carrying out of any further orders issued by 
the Supreme Conmander, Allied Expeditionary Force 
and by the Soviet High Command, 

4* This act of military surrender is without 
prejudice to, and will be superseded by any 
general instrument of surrender imposed by, or 
on behalf of the United Nations and applicable 
to GERMANY and the German armed forces as a whole. 


Instrument of surrender—Reims 









SUP HE ME HEADQ1IARTERS 
ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE 

SBTRTAT. 1 

ORDERS by the supreme commander. 

A LI JED EXPEDIT IONAKY FORCE HEIATIMG TO 

ARMY AND AIB FORCES UNDER GERMAN CONTROL 

1. Local commanders of Army and Air Forces 
under German control on the Western Front, in 
NORWAY and in the CHARNEL ISLANDS will hold themselves 
in readiness to receive detailed orders for the 
surrender of their forces from the Supreme Commander's 
subordinate commanders opposite their front. 

2. In the case of NORWAY the Supreme 
Commander'8 representatives will be the General 
Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Scottish Command and 
Air Officer Commanding 13 Group RAF. 

3* In the case of the CHANNEL ISIANDS the 
Supreme Commander's representatives will be the 
General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern 
Command and Air Officer Commnding 10 Group RAF. 



8igned. 

For the Supreme Commander, AZF. 


Dated ^ Hay, 1945. 



Orders related to surrender of German Army and Air forces 













£056081 


SB3CIAL ORDERS Bf THB SUPREME CORIANDER , A UJKD 
EXBSDlTiq^ARI FORCE TO THE GERMAN HIGH COMMAND 

RELATING TO NAVAL FORCES 

PART I GENERAL 

Definition of Naval Forces 

1* For the purpose of these orders all formations, 
units and personnel of the German Navy together with the 
Marine Kusten Polizei shall be referred to as the German 
Naval Forces. 

2. Members of the Marine Kusten Polizei will 
immediately be placed under the command of the appropriate 
German Naval Commanders who will be responsible for their 
disarmament and discipline, as well as for their 
maintenance and supply where applicable, to the same 
extent and degree as for units of the German Navy. 

German Naval Representatives a n d information required 
immediately 

3* The German High Command will despatch within 
48 hours after the surrender becomes effective, a res¬ 
ponsible Flag Officer to the Allied Naval Commander, 
Expeditionary Force at his Headquarters. This 
Flag Officer will furnish the Allied Naval Commander, 
Expeditionary Force, with:- 

a. Corrected copies of charts showing all 
minefields in Western European waters, including the 
BAlfflC as far as DUBEJK (inclusive) whioh have been laid 
by German and German-controlled vessels or aircraft, 
positions of all wrecks, booms and other underwater 
obstructions in this area, details of the German convoy 
routes and searched channels and of all buoys, lights 
and other navigational aids in this area. The appropriate 

navigational publications are also required. 

- 1 - 



Orders related to surrender of German naval forces 


19 

























20 





C05S094 


A KfoaCUHS 'A* 

SURRSflOSH OP GSRMAK *U' BOAT P lddT 

To a 11 *U' Boats at sea: 

Garry out the following inst ructions forthwith which 
have been given by the Allied Representatives 
iAJ Surface immediately and remain surfaced. 

(}>) Report immediately in P/L your position in latitude 
and longitude and number of your 'U' Boat to nearest 
British, US, Canadian or Soviet coast W/T station on 
500 kc/s (600 metres) and to call sign GZZ 10 on one 
of the following high frequencies: 16815 ” 12685 or 
5970 kc/s. 

( 0 ) Ply a large black or blue flag by day. 

(d) Burn navigation lights by night. 

(£) Jettison all anmunition, remove breechblocks from 
guns and render torpedoes safe by removing pistols. 

All mines are to be rendered safe. 

(p) Make all signals in P/L. 

(G) Follow strictly the instructions for proceeding 
to Allied ports from your present area given in 
immediately following message. 

UO Observe strictly the orders of Allied RepresefTffatives 
to refrain from scuttling or in any way damaging your 

•U* 3oat. 

2. These instructions will be repeated at two-hour 
intervals until further notice. 


U-boat Annex 






A 

V 


056098 


ITNDERTAKDC 

GIVEN BY CERTAIN GERMAN EMISSARIES 

T n TFT high commands 


It is agreed by the German emissaries 
undersigned that the following German officers will 
arrive at a place and time designated by the Supreme 
Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force, and the Soviet 
High Command prepared, with plenary powers, to execute 
a formal ratification on behalf of the German High 
Command of this act of Unconditional Surrender of the 
German armed forces. 


Chief of the High Command 


Comnander-in-Chief of the Array 


Conmander-in-Chief of the Navy 


Commander-in-Chief of the Air Forces 


SIGNS) 



Representing the German High Command. 


DATS) 0 j. y/ 




Agreement for formal ratification 








£056099 


A b b c h r 1 ft. 


Der Oberbte Befehlshaber 
der Aehrmacht 


Hauptquartier, dan 


/Bitte In der Antwort vorstehendes 
Geschaftezeichen, das Datum und 
kurzen Inhalt anzugeben./ 


ICH BEVOLLMACHTIGE 

GEKERALFELDMARSCHALL KEI TU 

ALS CHEF DES QBERKOMAtANDOS DEE 
WEHEMACHT UND ZUGLEICH ALS OBER- 
BEFEHLSHABER DES HEERLS, 

GENERALADMIRAL VON FRIEDEBURG 

ALS OBSRLEFEHLSHABER DER KRIEGSEAAIUE, 

GENERALOBERST S T ^ U M P t 

AIS VERTRETER DES QBLRBEFEH1SHABERS 
DER LUFTWAFFE 


ZUR RATIFIZIERUNG DER BEDINGUNG£ iJLsEH 
KAPITULATION DER DEUTSCHEN STREITERaFTE GEGSK- 
USER nr.i/ O RyRRv.PT,,Hr^HA akr pkh ALLiLERTEfi 
EXPLOIT IONSSTREITLRAFTE UND DEM SOiXET-uflER- 
KOMKANDO. 

jOXIIZ 

i lit I l< i>L • 

wit £*♦ 1 • 




Authorization to execute ratification (in German) 







C056100 


ACT OF MILITARY SURRENDER 

1. We the undesigned, acting by authority 
of the German High Caanand, hereby surrender 
unconditionally to the Supreme Cannander, Allied 
Expeditionary Force and simultaneously to the 
Supreme High Ccnmand of the Red Army all forces 
on land, at sea, and in the air who are at this 
date under German control. 

2. The German High Canmand will at once 
issue orders to all German military, naval and 
air authorities and to all forces under German 
oontrol to cease active operations at 2301 hours 
Central European time on 8th May 1945, to remain 
in the positions oooupied at that time and to 
disarm completely, handing over their weapons and 
equipment to the local allied cannanders or officers 
designated by Representatives of the Allied Supreme 
Conmands. No ship, vessel, or aircraft is to be 
scuttled, or any damage done to their hull, 
machinery or equipment,, and also to machines of all 
kind8, armament, apparatus, and all the technical 
means of prosecution of war in general. 


Instrument of surrender—Berlin (English) 




C05G101 


3* The German High Coomand will at oooe 
issue to the appropriate ocnmanders, and ensure 
the carrying out of any further orders issued ty 
the Supreme Ccnmander, Allied Expeditionary Poroe 
and by the Supreme High Coomand of the Bed Army. 

4. This aot of military surrender is without 
prejudice to, and will he superseded by any general 
instrument of surrender imposed by, or an behalf of 
the United Nations and applicable to GERMANY and 
the German armed forces as a whole. 

3« In the event of the German High Coomand 
or any of the forces under their oontrol failing 
to aot in aooordanoe with this Act of Surrender, 
the Supreme Conmander, Allied Expeditionary Poroe 
»nd the Supreme High Coomand of the Red Army will 
take such punitive or other action as they deem 
appropriate. 










u'C:S103 

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HHS C0D3HUX SKCneAHmiOaHLX cnx. 

2 . TepMaHCKoe 3bpxoBHoa kolohao jaaae BaMeAJiQHHo 

M3J,UbT npHKa3h BC6M HB Mb A RAW KOMaHLyDlUMM OyXOnyEHLMM, 
MOpCKMMH K B03A^IQHLMH CHJld MU A bCBM G'A JIB M, HaXOAH^lMOH 

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annapaiaM a bccu Boodle BOcHao-TexaireaCKHM op«AOTbaM 
boa®hah bo£1hl. 


Instrument of surrender—Berlin (Russian) 





CC56104 

2 .- 


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HblM 0(3 'aAMHOHHUMa Hai^iHMH MjM OT MX MM6HH ,npMMOHMMUM K 
repMaHMM M rOpMOHOKMM BOOpy XO HHUM QMJiaM B LjejIOM. 

5. B ojiyqae, ecna HOMauRoe BepxoBHoa KoMaHAOaaHMa 
14JIM KaKHO- jim do BoopyxeHHue omjiu ,HaxoAai4MeoH noA aro 
KOMaHAOBaHMeM, Ha dyAyT AO Motb obht b b cootbototbmm c 
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AOKOTBMH, ROTOpua OHM OO^TyT HaodxOAMMbiMH. 

6 . 0TOT aRT OOCTaBJIaH Ha aHrJIMfiCROM, pyCCROM H 
HO M6Li,K0M H3URaX. TOJIUtO aHTJIM JlCRMM M pyCCRMft TOROTU 
HBUfHOTCfl ay TOHTM^H UMH. 


28 



C056105 


3.- 


IKwnHcaHO 8 Man 1945 ro^a b rop. BSPJi/iHE, 


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APMMH 

MAPiiMA QC BETCKQPQ EOUJA 
P.E7K0BA 


Ko -w n ■ 

® HJiaMH C0D3tMK0B 

PJ1ABHDP0 IviAPliAJlA AB*iA ifltf 


Ilpa noAn.icaHWH Tanxa npnoy totb oBajin b KaqeoTBa 
OBimeTejioa: 


KOMaHAyromufi CTpaTarwqao kmmh TJiaBHOKO MaH^yiomafl 9paH4y3CRoil 

303flymHHMM om jiaMH CHIA ApMHeft 

TSHIiPAJI aejiatp 
fle TACCMHhiA 


rSHEPAJl 

CT1AATC 


ftTC 










C05G106 

KAPITULATIO' SESKLAEEOKfl. 


1. Wir, die hier Unterzeichneten, handelnd in Vollmacht 
fuer und im Namen des Qberkommandos der Deutschen Wehrmacht, 
erklaeren hiermit die bedingungslose Kapitulation aller am 
gegenwaertigen Zeitpunkt unter deutschem Befehl stehenden 
Oder von Deutschland beherrschten Streitkraefte auf dem Lande, 
auf der See und in der Luft gleichzeitig gegenueber dem 
Obersten Befehlshaber der Alliierten Expeditions Streitkraefte 
und dem Oberkommando der Eoten Armee. 

2. Das Oberkommando der Deutschen Wehrmacht wird 
unverzueglich ailen Behoerden der deutschen Land-,See- und 
Luftstreitkraefte und alien von Deutschland beherrschten 
Streitkraeften den Befehl geben, die Kampfhardlungen um 23ol 
Uhr Mitteleuropaeischer &eit am 8 Mai einzustellen und in den 
Stellungen zu verbleibeh, die sie an diesem Zeitp unk t inne— 
haben und sich vollstaendig zu entwaffnen, indem sie Waffen 
und Geraete an die oertlichen Alliierten Befehlshaber 
beziehungsweise an die von den Alliierten Vertretern zu 
bestimmenden Offiziere abliefera. Kein Schiff, Boot Oder 
Flugzeug irgendeiner Art darf versenkt werden, noch duerfen 
Schiffsruempfe, maschinelle Einrichtungen, Ausruestungsgegen- 
staende, Maschinen irgendwelcher Art, Waffen, Apparaturen, 
technische Gegenstaende, die Kriegszwecken im Allgemeinen 
dienlich sein koennen, beschaedigt werden* 

3. Das Oberkommando der Deutschen Wehrmacht wird 
unverzueglich den zustaendigen Befehlshabern alle von dem 
Obersten Befehlshaber der Alliierten Expeditions Streitkraefte 
und dem Oberkommando der Eoten Armee erlassenen zusaetzlichen 
Befehle weitergeben und deren Durchfuehrung sioherstellen. 

4# Diese Kapitulationserklaerung ist ohne Praejudiz fuer 
irgendwelche an ihre Stelle tretenden allgemeinen Kapitulations- 
bestimmungen, die durch die Vereinten Nationen und in deren 
Namen Deutschland und der Deutschen Wehrmacht auferlegt werden 

moegen* 

5« Falls das Oberkommando der Deutschen Wehrmacht Oder 
irgendwelche ihm unter6tehende Oder von ihm beherrschte 
Streitkraefte es versaeumen sollten, sich gemaess den 
Bestimmungen dieser Kapitulations-Erklaerung zu verhalten, 


Instrument of surrender—Berlin (German) 


30 













BT THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
A PROCLAMATION 

The Allied armies, through sacrifice and devotion and with 
God's help, have wrung from Germany a final and unconditional surrender. 
The western world has been freed of the evil forces wnich for five 
years and longer have imprisoned the bodies and broken the lives of 
millions upon millions of free—bom men# They have violated their 
churches, destroyed their homes, corrupted their cnildren, and mur¬ 
dered their loved ones. Our Armies of Liberation have restored freedom 
to these suffering peoples, whose spirit and will the oppressors oould 
never enslave. 

Much remains to be done. The victory won in the West must 
now be won in the East. The whole world must be cleansed of the evil 
from which half t^ie world has been freed. United, the peace-loving 
nations have demonstrated in the West that their arms are stronger by 
far than the might of dictators or the tyranny of military cliques that 
once called us soft and weak. The power of our peoples to defend them¬ 
selves against all enemies will be proved in the Pacific war as it has 
been proved in Europe. 

For the triumph of spirit and of arms which we have won, and 
for its promise to peoples everywhere who join us in the love of freedom, 
it is fitting that we, as a nation, give thanks to Almighty God, who has 
strengthened us and given us the victory. 

NOW, THEREFORE, I, HARRY S. TRUMAN, President of the United 
States of America, do hereby appoint Sunday, May 13, 1945, to be a day 
of prayer. 

I c*ll upon the people of the United States, whatever their 
faith, to unite in offering joyful thanks to God for the victory we 

Page forty 



Truman’s V-E Day Proclamation 




- 2 - 

have won and to pray that He will support us to the end of our present 
struggle and guide us into the way of peace. 

'' I also call upon my countrymen to dedicate this day of prayer 

%• memory of those who have given their lives to make possible our 

\wiUv 

JN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused 
the sell ol tte United States of America to be affixed. 

•t the City of Washington this eighth day of Hay in 

the year of our Lord 
nineteen hundred 
and forty-five 
and of the 
Independence 
of the United 
States of America 
the one hundred 
and sixty-ninth. 





Acting Secretary of State. 


• ' b 11 - 1 

4h! “• 

• S • N 

,V 

'■%*. y. 

f 3 os PH 'v 

1 REGISTER 


33 






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